1. How unaffordable are Malaysian homes in a global context?
Image source: Lily Oh | 123rfAccording to Mercer, the world’s most expensive city to buy real estate in 2024 is Hong Kong.
Of the 10 most expensive cities for international assignees, half are located in Western Europe, with Switzerland being home to four. However, it is Southeast Asian cities that lead the list, with Hong Kong and Singapore remaining in the first and second positions, respectively
In a study of least affordable cities, Hong Kong is followed by:
Singapore,
Zurich,
Geneva,
Basel,
Bern,
New York,
London,
Nassau,
Los Angeles
Kuala Lumpur or any other major Malaysian city is not even in the Top 20. When you look at the least affordable housing markets in Asia, you will find, in addition to Hong Kong, Singapore and Tokyo; there are other cities like Mumbai, Beijing, and Shanghai. Kuala Lumpur or any Malaysian city is nowhere to be found.
Numbeo, the world’s largest user-contributed database on countries and cities, released a Property Price Index for 2024. In this list which takes into account property price-to-income ratio, Kuala Lumpur is ranked #188. To give some context, our nearest neighbours were ranked much higher – Ho Chi Minh at #6, Bangkok at #15, Phnom Penh at #16 and Jakarta at #32.
It is fairly evident that in the global context, Malaysia is not among the least affordable property markets, and the problem is more severe in many other countries. It can be argued that one must look within Malaysia as this is a local problem. This is a fair argument.
2. How bad is the housing situation in Malaysia today?
With the publicity that this subject has been receiving since 2015, it would appear that affordable housing is a recent problem. It is not. We are led to believe that property prices have increased, and wages are not keeping up.
By looking at past data, this problem is not a new one. In fact, things may be better now than 16 years ago, believe it or not.
Taking data from Khazanah’s The State of Households 2018 report, the average household income in 1993 was RM1,703. Statistics derived from CEIC Data (an economic database) shows that the average house price at the time was about RM100,000.
If the average buyer took a 30-year mortgage with the prevalent interest rate of about 8% then, the monthly instalment would be RM660 per month, assuming a 90% margin of financing. That’s almost 40% of the average household income at the time.
In comparison, the average household income in 2021 was RM 6,338. Interest rates in this period were about 3% and the average price of a house was RM449,000. A buyer taking a similar mortgage under these conditions would be paying RM 1,893.00 in monthly instalments. This is nearly 30% of the average household income.
Clearly, the income-to-price ratio for properties has not gotten worse. It would seem that our perception of the problem has changed because of the prominence that affordable housing has been getting in the media.
3. Why current affordable housing does not really help?
Image source: MUHAMMAD HAZIM IZAM / Bernama ImagesI once lived in Desa Parkcity (circa 2008). Not exactly affordable housing, but bear with me for a moment. Getting to work from Desa Parkcity to my office at the time which was in Jalan Raja Chulan required that I use 2 tolls. One at the LDP and another at the Penchala Link. A return trip to work cost RM7.20, per workday – which leads to a total monthly cost of RM158.40 (based on an average of 22 working days).
The additional monthly cost to me in toll payments only was about RM200. I estimated that the additional fuel cost was also in the region of RM200. This adds up to an RM558.40 monthly spend on transportation alone.
So here is my point: Most affordable housing is far away from the city or town centres. That means people have to live further away from their work location to buy an affordable home. Public transportation helps, but Malaysians are not fully reliant on public transportation. The toll, fuel and time costs, therefore, go up with affordable housing which, is then not a very affordable solution.
We do have government affordable housing initiatives like PR1MA. But as of October 2023, PR1MA’s website indicates that 54 projects have been completed, 22 projects are under construction and 10 projects are in the planning stage.
4. Why are our household expenses so high?
Image source: Wang Tom | 123rfA large portion of the Malaysian working population rely on cars as their main mode of transportation. This is perhaps one of the biggest household expenses, after housing of course.
Just as an example, a Honda City in Malaysia will set a family back by about RM74,000. The same car in Australia would cost AUD $16,000 or RM46,000. The exact same car is 60% more expensive in Malaysia.
As a result of taxes that make the cost of cars unnecessarily high, the average Malaysian is burdened with significantly higher transportation costs. The monthly instalment for the Honda City with current prices would work out to RM960, as compared to RM597 in Australia. That’s a saving of nearly RM3,000 on the down payment and RM363 per month on instalments.
This saving alone would allow a family to go from an RM320,000 house to an RM400,000 house (assuming they could afford the additional down payment and incidental costs).
This brings us to another important question about house prices – we all want depreciating property prices, but is this a good thing? Well, you know what they say about free lunches; there’s always a catch.
5. So, why are lower property prices not necessarily a good thing?
Image source: Azlan Hj. Ahmad | FlickrWhile most first-time home buyers want house prices to reduce, they may not be in a rush to buy a house if the Housing Price Index (HPI) went negative for the next 5 years. In fact, most people would be sceptical about buying in such a scenario.
Would you take an RM300,000 mortgage to purchase a home if you knew that 5 years later, your home would have a value of RM200,000?
In fact, there is research that indicates that under certain conditions, supply eventually becomes restricted when property prices decline. This is because most homeowners will not want to sell their properties when prices fall. The majority who can afford to hold on to their properties will choose to wait for prices to pick up again. In this scenario, the supply in the sub-sale market will reduce.
When supply is limited, prices move up again. So, unless our population is declining, it may be difficult to keep prices from dropping forever. It is bad for the economy, it is bad for investment, it is bad for homeowners, and it is bad for first-time home buyers. This also explains why most property recessions or bubbles are followed by very sharp rises in property prices.
In conclusion, the housing being unaffordable is not a new phenomenon in Malaysia. It has been severely unaffordable since 1993 at least or even further back. The coverage that this subject is getting in the media in recent times may have contributed to a biased perception that the problem has become serious only recently.
What can be done to tackle the housing affordability challenge?
Too much attention is focused on reducing house prices, which is only a part of the solution. Other improvements that should be looked into:
- The government should focus on reducing the overall household expenses for the average family. A good starting point would be abolishing the exorbitant taxes on cars.
- Affordable housing should be close to the city or public transit points. The last mile connectivity between rail stations and affordable housing locations can be greatly improved.
- More effort can be put towards further enhancing wage growth. The only way to do this is to increase the productivity of the average Malaysian, a matter which is closely tied to education.
- Improving our education system is the 20% improvement which will bring 80% of the results. As an employer for the last 15 years, I have vetted through thousands of CVs and interviewed close to 100 people. Graduates of our local education system are in a poor state. In the long-term, economies expand through increased productivity. Population growth can support this productivity increase but only so much. Eventually, every individual’s productivity must increase.
Focusing on reducing house prices only can be the antithesis to affordable housing. Capital appreciation is good for the economy. Supply in Malaysia is inelastic. This contributes to faster increases in price as demand increases. The supply side needs to be addressed not simply by increasing supply but by providing products that the market demands.
Clearly, affordable housing requires a broader approach. It requires an integrated approach between ministries in the government. It must not and cannot be the sole purview of KPKT.
SIDE NOTE: Before you apply for a housing loan, don't forget to check your home loan eligibility. Just click here to get your report for FREE.
Clearly, affordable housing requires a broader approach. It requires an integrated approach between ministries in the government. It must not and cannot be the sole purview of KPKT.
SIDE NOTE: Before you apply for a housing loan, don't forget to check your home loan eligibility. Just click here to get your report for FREE.
*This article was first published iProperty.com.my - "How unaffordable are Malaysian homes? Your top 5 questions answered".
** The above article is intended for informational purposes only. Loanstreet accepts no responsibility for loss that may arise from reliance on information contained in the articles.
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